Glossary of Gems

Abrasive	Earthy	Macrocrystalline	Reflection
Absolute hardness	Earthy luster	Mafic	Reflective
Absorption spectra	Eclogite	Magma	Refract
Absorption spectrum	Effervesce	Magmatic	Refraction
Accessory mineral	Effervescence	Magmatite	Refractive index
Acicular	Effervescent	Magmatite rock	Refractive indices
Acid	Effloresce	Magnesia	Refractometer
Acid test	Efflorescence	Magnet	Relative density
Activator	Efflorescent	Magnetic	Reniform
Adamantine	Eightling	Magnetic field	Repeated twinning
Adularescence	Elastic	Magnetism	Repeated twins
Adularescent	Electric	Malleability	Replace
Aggregate	Electrical	Malleable	Replaced
Alkali	Electricity	Mammilary	Replacement
Alkali Feldspar	Electromagnetic radiation	Mantle	Replacing
Alkaline	Electrometallurgy	Marble	Resinlike luster
Alloy	Electron	Marquise	Resinous
Alloyed	Element	Massive	Resinous luster
Alloying	Elements	Matrix	Resistance
Alluvial	Elongated	Melting point	Resistant
Alluvial deposit	Embedded crystal	Mesothermal vein	Reticulated
Alluvion	Emerald	Metal	Rhomb
Alluvium	Emerald cut	Metallic	Rhomb-scalenohedron
Alpha rays	Empirical formula	Metallic elements	Rhombic dodecahedron
Alpine	Enaniotropic	Metallic luster	Rhombohedral
Alpine cavity	Encrust	Metallurgy	Rhombohedral cleavage
Alter	Encrustation	Metamict	Rhombohedron
Alteration	Encrusting	Metamiction	Rhyolite
Altered	End member	Metamorphasized	Rift
Amalgam	Engrave	Metamorphic	Ring silicates
Amber	Engraving	Metamorphic rock	Rock
Ammonia	Environment	Metamorphism	Rock crystal
Ammonium hydroxide	Epimorph	Metamorphosed	Rock shop
Amorphous	Epitaxy	Metasilicate chains	Rock show
Amphibole	Epithermal vein	Metasilicate rings	Rock-forming mineral
Amphibole group	Epsom salts	Metasilicates	Rosette
Amygdule	Equant	Metasomatically	Rough
Anhydrous	Equidimensional	Metasomatism	Round
Anhydrous borates	Eroded	Metastability	Rust
Anhydrous sulfates	Erosion	Metastable	Rusting
Anion	Euhedral	Meteor	Rutilated
Anisotropic	Evaporate	Meteoric	Rutile twin
Anisotropism	Evaporation	Meteorite	Saccharoidal
Anticline	Evaporite	Meteoroid	Saline
Antimonides	Evaporite deposit	Mica	Saline deposit
Apatite group	Even	Mica group	Saline lake
Aqua fortis	Even fracture	Micaceous	Salinity
Aqua regia	Extract	Microcrystal	Salt
Aqueous	Extraction	Microcrystalline	Salt dome
Aragonite group	Extraterrestrial	Micromount	Salt Lake
Arborescent	Extrusive	Mine	Sand
Argentiferous	Face	Miner	Sandstone
Argillacious	Facet	Mineral	Sassuritization
Arid	Faceted	Mineral group	Scalenohedral
Arsenates	Faceting	Mineral series	Scalenohedron
Arsenide	Fault	Mineral show	Scales
Arsenides	Feldspar	Mineralogical	Scaly
Asbestos	Feldspar group	Mineralogist	Scepter
Asbestos amphibole	Feldspathoid	Mineralogy	Schiller
Asterism	Feldspathoid group	Mineraloid	Schist
Asteroid	Felsic	Mining	Sclerometer
Asymmetrical	Ferrian	Mixed crystal	Secondary
Atom	Ferroginous	Mohs Hardness scale	Secondary mineral
Atomic	Ferromagnetic	Mohs Scale	Sectile
Atomic structure	Ferromagnetism	Molecular	Sectility
Atomical	Ferrous	Molecular arrangement	Sediment
Atomical arrangement	Fiber	Molecular structure	Sedimentary
Atomically	Fibrous	Molecule	Sedimentary rock
Auriferous	Filiform	Mollusk	Sedimentation process
Autochthonous	Fire	Molten	Selenides
Aventurescence	Fishtail twin	Molten rock	Selvage
Aventurization	Fissile	Molybdates	Semi-metal
Axes	Fissility	Monochromatic	Semi-metallic
Axis	Flaky	Monoclinic	Semi-metallic elements
Axis of symmetry	Flame test	Monotropic	Semi-precious
Banded	Flat	Mother of pearl luster	Semi-precious gemstone
Banding	Flaw	Mother rock	Series
Basal	Flawless	Mother-of-pearl	Setting
Basal cleavage	Flexibility	Mottled	Shaft
Basal pinacoid	Flexible	Multicolored	Sheaflike
Basalt	Flexible and elastic	Multiple oxides	Sheet silicates
Base	Flexible but inelastic	Mylonite	Shelly fracture
Basic	Floater	Nacre	Shortwave
Batholith	Floater crystal	Native	Silica
Bead test	Flow banding	Native elements	Silica gel
Bed	Flowstone	Natural glass	Silica group
Bedding	Fluoresce	Nepheline syenite	Silicafied
Bedrock	Fluorescence	Nesosilicates	Silicate
Belemnite	Fluorescent	Neutron	Silicates
Beta rays	Fluorescent lamp	Nitrates	Silky
Bipyramid	Fluorite twin	Nitric acid	Silky luster
Bipyramidal	Fluvial	Nodular	Sill
Bipyramidal hexagon	Fluvial deposit	Nodule	Silt
Bipyramidal hexagonal	Flux	Non-crystalline	Simple oxides
Bipyramidal hexagonal prism	Fold	Non-metallic	Simple sulfides
Birefringence	Foliated	Non-metallic elements	Sinter
Birthstone	Form	Nonbrittle	Sixling
Bitumen	Formula	Nonmetal	Skarn
Bituminous	Fossil	Nuclei	Skeletal
Bladed	Fossiliferous	Nucleus	Slab
Blowpipe test	Fossilization	Nugget	Slag
Boiling point	Fossilize	Obsidian	Slate
Bond	Fossilized	Occurrence	Smelt
Borate	Fourling	Ochre	Smooth fracture
Borates	Fracture	Octacube	Snakehead
Borax	Framework silicates	Octagon	Soil
Botryoid	Freezing point	Octahedra	Solid solution
Botryoidal	Friable	Octahedral	Solidify
Boule	Fulgurite	Octahedral cleavage	Solubility
Brass	Fumarole	Octahedral cube	Soluble
Breccia	Fusion	Octahedron	Solution
Brecciated	Gabbro	Oil of vitriol	Solvent
Brilliant cut	Gamma rays	Oiling	Sorosilicates
Brilliant luster	Gangue	Oily luster	Spar
Brine	Gangue material	Oolite	Specific gravity
Brittle	Garnet Group	Oolitic	Specimen
Bronze	Garnet paper	Opalesce	Spectra
Brownspar	Geiger counter	Opalescence	Spectral
Bullion	Gem	Opalescent	Spectrograph
Cabochon	Gemminess	Opalization	Spectrometer
Calcareous	Gemmy	Opalize	Spectrophotometer
Calcic	Gemological	Opaque	Spectroscope
Calcite group	Gemologist	Open Pit	Spectroscopy
Cameo	Gemology	Optical	Spectrum
Capillary	Gemstone	Optical properties	Sphenoidal
Carat	Geode	Optics	Spherical
Carbonate	Geologic	Ore	Spherulite
Carbonates	Geological	Organic	Spherulitic
Carlsbad twin	Geologist	Orthorhombic	Spinel twin
Carved	Geology	Orthosilicates	Spinel-law twin
Carving	GIA	Outcrop	Splendent luster
Cassiterite twin	Gilson Process	Oval	Splinter
Cast	Glass	Overtone	Splintery
Casting	Glassy luster	Oxidation	Splintery fracture
Cat's eye	Glauber's salt	Oxidation minerals	Square
Cat's eye effect	Globular	Oxidation zone	Stable
Cation	Gneiss	Oxide	Stalactite
Catseye	Goniometer	Oxides	Stalactitic
Cave	Gossan	Oxidize	Stalactitically
Cavern	Grain	Oxidized	Stalagmite
Cavities	Grainy	Oxidized zone	Stalagmitic
Cavity	Gram	Paleontologist	Staurolite twin
Cementation zone	Granite	Paleontology	Stellate
Center of symmetry	Granitic	Pallasite	Stock
Chain silicates	Granular	Panning	Stone
Chalk	Gravel	Paragenesis	Strahler
Chatoyancy	Gravity	Paramagnetic	Strata
Chatoyant	Greasy	Paramagnetism	Stratification
Chemical	Greasy luster	Paramorph	Stratum
Chemical bond	Group	Parting	Streak
Chemical composition	Grouping	Patina	Streak plate
Chemical formula	Habit	Pear	Striated
Chemical structure	Hackly	Pearl	Striations
Chemist	Halides	Pearly	Structural
Chemistry	Halogen	Pearly luster	Structure
Chondrite	Hard water	Pegmatite	Stubby
Chondrules	Hardness	Pendant	Stud
Chromates	Hardness testing kit	Penetration	Sub-metallic
Chrysoberyl twin	HCl	Penetration twin	Subconchoidal
Clast	Heart	Penetration twinning	Subconchoidal fracture
Clay	Heat treated	Pentagonal dodecahedron	Subgroup
Cleavable	Heat treating	Percussion figure	Sublimate
Cleavage	Heat treatment	Peridotite	Sublimation
Cleavage angle	Hemimorphic	Periodic table	Submetallic
Cleavage face	Hemispherical	Perky box	Sulfate
Cleavage fragment	Hexagon	Petrifaction	Sulfates
Cleavage surface	Hexagonal	Petrification	Sulfide
Cleave	Hexagonal bipyramid	Petrified	Sulfides
Cleaved	Hexagonal bipyramidal	Petrified wood	Sulfosalts
Cleaved surface	Hexagonal shape	Petrographer	Sulfuric acid
Cleaving	Hexoctahedral	Petrographic microscope	Surrounding rock
Clinopinacoid	Hexoctahedron	Petrography	SW
Clinopinacoidal	Hopper	Petroleum	Swallowtail twin
Cluster	Hornfels	Petrologist	Syenite
Coal	Host mineral	Petrology	Symmetrical
Coating	Hot spring	pH	Symmetry
Cockscomb	Hydrate	Phantom	Synthesized
Color	Hydrated	Phantom growth	Synthetic
Columnar	Hydration	Phenocryst	Synthetic gem
Composition	Hydrocarbons	Phosphate	Tabular
Compound	Hydrochloric acid	Phosphates	Tarnish
Concentric	Hydrofluoric acid	Phosphoresce	Tectosilicates
Conchoidal	Hydrometallurgy	Phosphorescence	Tellurides
Concretion	Hydrothermal	Phosphorescent	Tenacity
Concretionary	Hydrothermal Method	Phyllosilicates	Tenebrescence
Conductivity	Hydrothermal Vein	Physicist	Tenebrescent
Conductor	Hydrous	Physics	Terminated
Conglomerate	Hydrous borates	Piezoelectric	Termination
Contact metamorphism	Hydrous sulfates	Piezoelectricity	Tetragonal
Contact twinning	Hydroxides	Pinacoid	Tetragonal trisoctahedron
Coprolite	Hydroxyl	Pinacoidal	Tetrahedral
Coral	Hygroscopic	Pinacoidal cleavage	Tetrahedron
Core	Hygroscopy	Pipe	Texture
Coxcomb	Hypothermal vein	Pisolite	Thermal
Crater	Icosahedra	Pisolitic	Thermoluminescence
Crazing	Icosahedral	Pit	Thermoluminescent
Crumbly	Icosahedron	Pitchlike luster	Thumbnail
Crust	Icosi-tetrahedron	Pitchy	Tourmaline group
Crusty	Idiochromatic	Placer	Transformation
Cryptocrystalline	Igneous	Placer deposit	Translucency
Crystal	Igneous rock	Plagioclase twin	Translucent
Crystal aggregate	IMA	Plane	Transparency
Crystal angle	Impure	Plane of symmetry	Transparent
Crystal class	Impurities	Planetoid	Trap rock
Crystal face	Impurity	Plate	Trapezohedral
Crystal group	Included	Plate-like	Trapezohedron
Crystal habit	Inclusion	Plated	Traprock
Crystal lattice	Incrust	Platy	Triboluminescence
Crystal structure	Incrustation	Playa	Triboluminescent
Crystal symmetry	Incrusting	Pleochroic	Trichroic
Crystal system	Index of refraction	Pleochroism	Trichroism
Crystalline	Indiscernible	Plug	Triclinic
Crystallization	Infiltration	Plumose	Trigonal
Crystallize	Ingot	Plutonic	Trilling
Crystallized	Inorganic	Plutonic rock	Trillion
Crystallographer	Inosilicates	Pocket	Triplet
Crystallographically	Insoluble	Point	Trisoctahedral
Crystallography	Intaglio	Polished	Trisoctahedron
ct	Intermediary	Polychromatic	True phosphates
Cube	Intermediary Member	Polyhedron	Trunk
Cubic	Intrusion	Polymorph	Tube test
Cubic cleavage	Intrusive	Polymorphism	Tuberose
Cubic octahedron	Intrusive rock	Polymorphous	Tufa
Cubic system	Ion	Polysynthetic twinning	Tufacious spring
Cuboctahedral	Iridesce	Polysynthetic twins	Tuff
Culet	Iridescence	Polytype	Tumbled
Cut	Iridescent	Porcelaneous	Tumbler
Cyclosilicates	Irradiate	Porous	Tungstates
Cymophane effect	Irradiated	Porphry	Tungstates and Molybdates
Decomposition	Irradiation	Porphyritic	Tungstens
Decrepitation	Isometric	Potash feldspar	Twin
Dehydration	Isomorph	Potassium feldspar group	Twinned
Dendrite	Isomorphism	Potspar	Twinned crystal
Dendritic	Isomorphous	Precious gemstone	Twinning
Density	Isotropic	Precious metal	Type locality
Deposit	Isotropization	Precious stone	Ultrabasic
Detrital	Isotype	Precipitating	Ultramafic
Detritus	Isotypism	Precipitation	Ultraviolet
Devitrification	Isotypous	Primary	Ultraviolet lamp
Devitrify	Ivory	Primary mineral	Ultraviolet light
Diabase	Jagged	Princess	Uneven
Diagenesis	Japanese law twin	Prism	Uneven fracture
Diamagnetic	Japanese twin	Prismatic	Unstable
Diamagnetism	Jet	Prismatic cleavage	UV
Diamondlike luster	Jewel	Prospect	UV lamp
Diaphaneity	Jeweler	Prospecting	Vanadates
Diaphanous	Jewelry	Prospector	Variable formula
Diapir	K	Proton	Variety
Dichroic	K-spar	Pseudo	Vein
Dichroism	Karat	Pseudo-octahedral	Vent
Diffract	Karst	Pseudo-octahedron	Venting
Diffraction	Kimberlite	Pseudocube	Vermeil
Diffused	Kt	Pseudocubic	Verneuil process
Diffusion treatment	Lab	Pseudohexagon	Vesicle
Dike	Laboratory	Pseudohexagonal	Vitreous
Dimorph	Labradoresce	Pseudomorph	Vitreous luster
Dimorphous	Labradorescence	Pseudomorphed	Vitriol
Diorite	Labradorescent	Pseudomorphism	Volatilize
Dipyramid	Laccolith	Pt	Volcanic
Dipyramidal	Lamellar	Pure	Volcanic rock
Disilicates	Laminated rock	Pyncnometer	Volcanism
Dispersing	Lanthanides	Pyramidal	Volcano
Dispersion	Lapidaries	Pyritohedral	Vug
Dodecahedral	Lapidary	Pyritohedron	Vulcanism
Dodecahedron	Lattice	Pyroelectric	Waterworn
Dollar	Lava	Pyroelectricity	Waxlike luster
Dolomite	Lenticular	Pyrometallurgy	Waxy
Dolostone	Light	Pyrosilicates	Waxy luster
Double refraction	Light reflection	Pyroxene	Weathered
Doublet	Light refraction	Pyroxene group	Weathering
Doubly terminated	Limestone	Quarried	Wheat sheaf
Druse	Litmus paper	Quarries	Wheat sheaves
Drusy	Locality	Quarry	White light
Druzy	Lode	Quartz group	Widmanstatten lines
Dry lake	Longwave	Quartzite	Widmanstatten pattern
Dry lake deposit	Loupe	R.E.E.	Wires
Ductile	Lubricant	Radial	Wiry
Ductilibility	Luminesce	Radiating	Wolframates
Ductility	Luminescence	Radiation	X-ray
Dull	Luminescent	Radical	Xenolith
Dull luster	Luster	Radioactive	Zeolite
Dump	Lustrous	Radioactivity	Zeolite group
Dusting	LW	Rare earth	Zoning
Earth science	Macle	Rare earth elements